Millicent Garret Fawcett British Suffrage Activist

In the British campaign for woman suffrage, Millicent Garrett Fawcett was known for her constitutional approach: a more peaceful, rational strategy, in contrast to the more militant and confrontational strategy of the Pankhursts. Dates:Â  June 11, 1847 -Â  August 5, 1929Also known as: Mrs. Henry Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, Millicent Fawcett The Fawcett Library is named for Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It is the location of much archive material on feminism and the suffrage movement in Great Britain. Millicent Garrett Fawcett was the sister of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain and become a physician. Millicent Garrett Fawcett Biography Millicent Garrett Fawcett was one of ten children. Her father was both a comfortable businessman and a political radical. Millicent Garrett Fawcett married Henry Fawcett, an economics professor at Cambridge who was also a Liberal MP. He had been blinded in a shooting accident, and because of his condition, Millicent Garrett Fawcett served as his amanuensis, secretary, and companion as well as his wife. Henry Fawcett was an advocate of womens rights, and Millicent Garrett Fawcett became involved with the Langham Place Circle womens suffrage advocates. In 1867, she became part of the leadership of the London National Societies for Womens Suffrage. When Millicent Garrett Fawcett gave a speech advocating suffrage in 1868, some in Parliament denounced her action as especially inappropriate, they said, for the wife of an MP. Millicent Garrett Fawcett supported the Married Womens Property Act and, more quietly, the social purity campaign. Her husbands interests in reform in India led her to an interest in the subject of child marriage. Millicent Garrett Fawcett became more active in the suffrage movement with two events: in 1884, the death of her husband, and in 1888, the division of the suffrage movement over association with particular parties. Millicent Garrett Fawcett was a leader of the faction that supported non-alignment of the womens suffrage movement with political parties. By 1897, Millicent Garrett Fawcett had helped bring these two wings of the suffrage movement back together under the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and assumed the presidency in 1907. Fawcetts approach to winning the vote for women was one of reason and patience, based on persistent lobbying and public education. She initially supported the more visible militancy of the Womens Social and Political Union, led by the Pankhursts. When the radicals staged hunger strikes, Fawcett expressed admiration of their courage, even sending congratulations on their release from prison. But she opposed the increasing violence of the militant wing, including deliberate property damage. Millicent Garrett Fawcett focused her suffrage efforts in 1910-12 on a bill to give the vote to single and widowed female heads of household. When that effort failed, she reconsidered the alignment issue. Only the Labour Party had supported womens suffrage, and so the NUWSS aligned itself formally with Labour. Predictably, many members left over this decision. Millicent Garrett Fawcett then supported the British war effort in World War I, believing that if women supported the war effort, suffrage would naturally be granted at the end of the war. This separated Fawcett from the many feminists who were also pacifists. In 1919, Parliament passed the Representation of the People Act, and British women over the age of thirty could vote. Millicent Garrett Fawcett turned over the NUWSS presidency to Eleanor Rathbone, as the organization transformed itself into the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship (NUSEC) and worked for lowering the voting age for women to 21, the same as for men. Millicent Garrett Fawcett disagreed, however, with several other reforms endorsed by the NUSEC under Rathbone, and so Fawcett left her position on the board of NUSEC. In 1924, Millicent Garrett Fawcett was given the Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire and became Dame Millicent Fawcett. Millicent Garrett Fawcett died in London in 1929. Her daughter, Philippa Garrett Fawcett (1868-1948), excelled in mathematics and served as the principal assistant to the director of education of the London County Council for thirty years. Writings Millicent Garrett Fawcett wrote many pamphlets and articles over her lifetime, and also several books: Political Economy for Beginners, 1870, a textbookLife of Queen Victoria, 1895with E. M. Turner, Josephine Butler: Her Work and Principles, and Their Meaning for the Twentieth Century, 1927.The Womens Victory -- and After, 1920What I Remember, 1927

Key Tips For A Generous Financial Donations - 1495 Words

STAKERHOLDER KEY TIPS (1)Community Stakeholders a. Generous financial donations b. Innovative giving c. Support for education and job training programmes d. Direct involvement in community projects and affairs e. Community volunteer programmes f. Support for the local community g. Campaigning for environmental and social change h. An employee-led approach to philanthropy i. Efficient and effective community activity j. Disclosure of environmental and social performance (2)Environment Stakeholders a. Environmental policies, organisation and management b. Materials policy of reduction, reuse and recycling c. Monitoring, minimizing and taking responsibility for releases d. the environment e. Waste management f. Energy conservation g.†¦show more content†¦Good rate of long-term return to shareholders b. Disseminate comprehensive and clear information c. Encourage staff ownership of shares d. Develop and build relationships with shareholders e. Clear dividend policy and payment of appropriate dividends f. Corporate governance issues are well managed g. Access to company’s directors and senior managers h. Annual reports provide a picture of the company’s performance i. Clear long-term business strategy j. Open communication with financial community Source: (Spiller, 2000, pp. 153-154) All the companies need a tool to exam their social performance (Hanson, 1995). The Spiller’s (2000) CSR model provide a tool that the corporation can diagnose their performance. And it can combine various management technologies to develop the performance of the corporations. On the other hand, it offered a tool to exam employee satisfaction (Spiller, 2000). There are four main principles in Spiller’s CSR model: Honesty, Fairness, Caring, and Courage. First principle is honesty, which lying in the heart place of CSR model. The wise decision of the companies and the modern economic market all need honest (Spiller, 2000). 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DAVE MATTHEWS BAND VIDEO COMPILATION Essay Example For Students

DAVE MATTHEWS BAND VIDEO COMPILATION Essay dmbJuly 20, 2001National Car Rental CenterSunrise, FLTripping BilliesI Did ItAnts MarchingDecember 2, 1996Assembly HallChampaign, ILSo Much To SayToo MuchAugust 6, 2000Gorge AmphitheaterDAVE MATTHEWS BAND VIDEO COMPILATIONJuly 20, 2001National Car Rental CenterSunrise, FLTripping BilliesI Did ItAnts MarchingDecember 2, 1996Assembly HallChampaign, ILSo Much To SayToo MuchAugust 6, 2000Gorge AmphitheaterGeorge, WARecentlyIll Back You UpSeek UpJuly 7, 1999Coors AmphitheaterChula Vista, CAPigFebruary 19, 1999Palace TheaterLouisville, KYStay (Dave ; Tim)Pay For What You Get (Dave ; Tim)July 8, 1995Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyTrue ReflectionsJune 21, 1998Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyThe Last StopCrushMarch 27, 1995FactoryMilan, ItalyLover Lay DownDecember 9, 2000Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYChristmas Song (Dave ; Carter)All Along The WatchtowerJuly 15, 2000Verterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAGrey StreetJTRSweet Up And DownJuly 16, 2000Veterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAWarehouseBest of Whats Ar oundDecember 5, 1998Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYPantala Naga Pampa (with Tim Reynolds)Rapunzel (with Tim Reynolds)Two Step (with Tim Reynolds and Bela Fleck)September 29, 2001Farm Aid 2001Noblesville, INEveryday (Dave Solo)Crush (Dave Solo)One Sweet World (Dave Solo)October 2, 2001John Lennon TributeNew York, NYIn My Life (Dave Solo)July 17, 1999Gorge AmphitheaterGeorge, WAProudest MonkeySatelliteThe Dreaming TreeThe Song That Jane Likes#40 (Dave Solo)December 7, 2000Gund ArenaCleveland, OHCrash Into MeCortez The KillerAugust 1, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INThe MakerBartenderAugust 2, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INDancing NanciesDont Drink The WaterTypical SituationGrace is GoneDAVE MATTHEWS BAND VIDEO COMPILATIONJuly 20, 2001National Car Rental CenterSunrise, FLTripping BilliesI Did ItAnts MarchingDecember 2, 1996Assembly HallChampaign, ILSo Much To SayToo MuchAugust 6, 2000Gorge AmphitheaterGeorge, WARecentlyIll Back You UpSeek UpJuly 7, 1999Coors AmphitheaterChula Vista, CAPigFebruary 19, 1999Palace TheaterLouisville, KYStay (Dave Tim)Pay For What You Get (Dave Tim)July 8, 1995Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyTrue ReflectionsJune 21, 1998Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyThe Last StopCrushMarch 27, 1995FactoryMilan, ItalyLover Lay DownDecember 9, 2000Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYChristmas Song (Dave Carter)All Along The WatchtowerJuly 15, 2000Verterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAGrey StreetJTRSweet Up And DownJuly 16, 2000Veterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAWarehouseBest of Whats AroundDecember 5, 1998Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYPantala Naga Pampa (with Tim Reynolds)Rapunzel (with Tim Reynolds)Two Step (with Tim Reynolds and Bela Fleck)September 29, 2001Farm Aid 2001Noblesville, INEveryday (Dave Solo)Crush (Dave Solo)One Sweet World (Dave Solo)October 2, 2001John Lennon TributeNew York, NYIn My Life (Dave Solo)July 17, 1999Gorge AmphitheaterGeorge, WAProudest MonkeySatelliteThe Dreaming TreeThe Song That Jane Likes#40 (Dave Solo)December 7, 2000Gund ArenaClevela nd, OHCrash Into MeCortez The KillerAugust 1, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INThe MakerBartenderAugust 2, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INDancing NanciesDont Drink The WaterTypical SituationGrace is GoneGeorge, WARecentlyIll Back You UpSeek UpJuly 7, 1999Coors AmphitheaterChula Vista, CAPigFebruary 19, 1999Palace TheaterLouisville, KYStay (Dave ; Tim)Pay For What You Get (Dave ; Tim)July 8, 1995Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyTrue ReflectionsJune 21, 1998Lorelei RockplastLorelei, GermanyThe Last StopCrushMarch 27, 1995FactoryMilan, ItalyLover Lay DownDecember 9, 2000Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYChristmas Song (Dave ; Carter)All Along The WatchtowerJuly 15, 2000Verterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAGrey StreetJTRSweet Up And DownJuly 16, 2000Veterans StadiumPhiladelphia, PAWarehouseBest of Whats AroundDecember 5, 1998Pepsi ArenaAlbany, NYPantala Naga Pampa (with Tim Reynolds)Rapunzel (with Tim Reynolds)Two Step (with Tim Reynolds and Bela Fleck)September 29, 2001Farm Aid 2001No blesville, INEveryday (Dave Solo)Crush (Dave Solo)One Sweet World (Dave Solo)October 2, 2001John Lennon TributeNew York, NYIn My Life (Dave Solo)July 17, 1999Gorge AmphitheaterGeorge, WAProudest MonkeySatelliteThe Dreaming TreeThe Song That Jane Likes#40 (Dave Solo)December 7, 2000Gund ArenaCleveland, OHCrash Into MeCortez The KillerAugust 1, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INThe MakerBartenderAugust 2, 2000Shoreline AmphitheaterNoblesville, INDancing NanciesDont Drink The WaterTypical SituationGrace is Gone .ua3938cb4b208d3d955ad76f9ca520718 , .ua3938cb4b208d3d955ad76f9ca520718 .postImageUrl , .ua3938cb4b208d3d955ad76f9ca520718 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; 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Jesus and the gospel in Africa Essay Example Essay Example

Jesus and the gospel in Africa Essay Example Paper Jesus and the gospel in Africa Essay Introduction A BOOK REVIEW ON JESUS AND THE GOSPEL IN AFRICA -HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE Is the Gospel in Africa? What would Jesus expression like in Africa? These remarks of J. V. Taylor were the flicker to the pursuit of Professor Kwame Bediako’s scholarly probe that gave birth to the book Jesus and the Gospel in Africa. Bedako was a Ghanese bookman, born in Ghana on 7ThursdayJuly, 1945 and he passed off in summer 2008. He gained international repute for his work on the disclosure in â€Å"Christianity in African Culture† Bediako could hold been employed in one of the top Universities of the World but he chose instead to be committed to working out the deduction of his religion in the context of Africa. Jesus and the gospel in Africa Essay Body Paragraphs Jesus and the Gospel in Africa is one of the scholarly plants of Prof. Kwame Bediako, it is a aggregation of articles by Bediako to show in full strong belief that God speaks into the African context, in African parlance and that God is through hearing in African tongues the great things that God has done that African divinity emerges to enlighten non merely the African Church but the whole broad World. Jesus and the Gospel in Africa was originally published in Yaounde , Cameroun by Regnum Africa in 2000 and was republished by Orbis books, USA, in 2004. The book of 124pages is made up of 10 chapters and sub-divided into three parts. Chapter’s 1-3 are grouped in the first portion captioned â€Å"the African Experience of Jesus. Chapters 4-6 are grouped as the 2nd portion captioned â€Å"Theology and Culture while chapters 7-10 are the 3rd portion captioned â€Å"Africa and the History of Christianity. Reappraisal: Part 1 – THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE OF JESUS. In chapter o ne, Bediako presents the phenomenon referred to as the modern displacement of the Centre of gravitation of Christianity. The thought of this displacement of Centre of gravitation is that the heartlands of the Christian religion has shifted from the West and has found another land of relevancy in the Southern continents of Latin America, Asia, and peculiarly in Africa. He showed that in 1900 80 % of the World’s Christians lived in Europe and Northern America. Today over 60 % of the World’s Christians lived in Latin America and Africa. By AD 2000, there could be between 330 million and 350 million Christians in Africa ( pg3 ) . Bediako used the word â€Å"surprise† to depict the paradigm displacement of the Centre of Christianity. He refuted the term â€Å"Animism† used to depict the cardinal faiths of Africa in 1910 when the World conference was held in Edinburgh, by a adult male who has ne’er been to Africa. The general perceptual experience of the term Animism was that there was peculiarly no spiritual content in it. They were so locked up in their ain head that no 1 foresaw the outgrowth of vivacious Christian presence in Africa, allow entirely the outgrowth of a distinctively African experience of Jesus Christ. In what Bediako called â€Å"the surprise factor in the modern missional story† . He highlighted the turn of event indicating out the Africa conference held in Le Zoute, Belgium, in September 1927, it appeared that the missional was now reflecting on, and larning from its African experience ( pg4 ) . The Le Zoute conference stood on the rearward way with the Edinbrugh conference of 1910 by confirming the acknowledgment that Africans old experience that has high component of spiritual value prepared them for the response of the Gospel. Bediako in reflecting on Africa and the hereafter of Christianity posits that the present displacement of the Centre of gravitation of Christianity to non-Western universe offer s rather typical chances for Christian theological contemplation and for new apprehensions. He spoke clearly on Jesus of the deep: divinity from where the religion must populate, utilizing a potion of the self-generated supplication and congratulationss of Jesus by an nonreader Ghanese Christian adult female, he demonstrates the footing of African divinity which besides provides clear grounds that Christianity in Africa is strictly African experience. He disclosed that the pursuit and find of African divinity was launched by Africa’s academic theologists like Bolaji Idowu, John Mbiti and I suppose, himself in the late fiftiess and early 1960s under the changeless whipping from European public impatient with Africa because it was mostly without apprehension of the continent, these and other innovators of African divinity saw it as their undertaking to build the prescribed divinity ( pg16 ) . In chapter 2, Bediako expatiates the Jesus in African Culture and relates it to Ghanai an position. Here Jesus Christ is presented to both African Churches and African Christians and the universe at big as a cosmopolitan Saviour. However, one salient point is his recognition of the missionary’s attempt in pass oning the Gospel which the full community affirms. There is ever more to the hearing of the Word of God than can be contained in existent sermon of it by human agents ( pg20 ) . Bdiako as a Pastor and a sermonizer used the Bible to hit his ends. He demonstrated how The Apostle Paul grasped steadfastly the catholicity of the Gospel of Jesus the Messiah which includes all peoples without modesty, it is this idea that African theologists now portion. Again, it is notable that the rapid spread of Christianity is associated with the contact it had with other cardinal faiths correspondent to African Traditional Religion. And that the presences of these faiths were critical readying for the Gospel. The averment that traditional faith forms the spiritual belief o f more or less rearward and graded peoples all over the World and that it held no readying for the Christianity is refuted. The truth is that the cardinal faiths have been the most fertile dirt for religion of the huge bulk of Christians of all ages and all states ( pg21 ) . In his â€Å"Jesus as the Godhead vanquisher in the African world† , Bediako pictured the consciousness and intense consciousness of forces and powers at work that threaten the involvement of life and harmoniousness and with apprehension of human exposure in the spirit universe. Jesus Christ is seen as the 1 who possesses supreme power and authorization and is winning over the religious kingdom. Bediako created an ambiance that Jesus is all powerful to protect people over evil forces. He depicts Jesus as the Saviour who belongs basically to the more powerful kingdom of deity and stresses that there needs to be a deeper grasp of the traditional African universe, whose clasp is so strong that it exercises a powerful influence on the mode of apprehension and sing the Christ image ( pg22 ) . Bediako described Jesus as the One who fulfils and surpasses the map of the Ancestor. This has been the job of understanding Christ genuinely in the African universe. Africans believed that ascendants are powerful in their relationship with homo ; they reward the good workss and render penalty to evil. However, Biblical grounds has proved that the work of Christ surpasses the function of ascendants in what He has done and what He can make. Bediako decidedly pointed that the good intelligence as our narrative is no longer a inquiry of seeking to suit the Gospel in our civilization ; hence the Gospel is our narrative ( pg 25 ) . From Biblical point of position, Bediako argues that the epistle to the Hebrews is a missive to the Africans sing the function of Jesus Christ as a High Priest who fulfils absolutely the terminal that all forfeits search for to accomplish and the Priestly mediation of Christ w hich overrides all human priestly mediation. He positively appraised the work of Christian towards development claiming that â€Å"each of us with the Bible in our mother-tongue can truly claim to hear God talking in our ain language† ( 32 ) . Chapter 3 offers some galvanizing penetration into one of the most of import treatments in the survey of faith. Here Bediako efforts supplying an reply to the inquiry of â€Å"how Jesus Christ is Lord amid African spiritual pluralism† . He demonstrated with critical observation the singularity of Christ in the pluralistic environment of the African faith, indicating that Christ is alone in relation to other Godheads. Bediako sees the singularity of Christ non as an averment but as Christian avowal and acknowledgment. He states † . a Biblical avowal refering the singularity of Christ is non arbitrary claim or averment. † ( pg 38 ) . The singularity of Christ besides can be arrived by decision drawn from position of oth er universe faiths to show that Christ inhabit those universes as Lord, because faith is a tradition of response to the world and revelation of the Transcendent. Bediako draw our attending to that which Christ has confronted us with viz. : the Incarnation which is supremely the alone mark and presentation of godly exposure in history, the cross of Christ which shows His agony and redemptional work as expressed by His Godhead head and the logic of love and in conclusion, the Communion at the Lord’s tabular array which is an invitation to all who are united in religion. Consequently all faiths are invited by religion to react to this paradigm revelation of Jesus Christ in religion, penitence and obeisance. Part 2 – THEOLOGY AND CULTURE. Bediako started this portion with understanding African divinity in the 20th century in chapter 4. He elaborated on the two distinguishable tendencies that emerged from the African Christian idea in the post-missionary epoch of 1950s to t he late eightiess, taking to the Black divinity of release in the African scene with the purpose of accomplishing integrating between the African pre-Christian spiritual experience and the African Christian committedness in ways that would guarantee the unity of African Christian individuality and selfhood. He looked at the African spiritual yesteryear as the premier theological issue in the argument, critics of early literature in African divinity has characterized it as unhealthy. However, â€Å"African theologists have demonstrated that the African spiritual experience and heritage were non illusive. † ( pg 50 ) . To Bediako African Theology should be shaped and interpreted in a manner that it will reflect African theological individuality. 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Free Essays on Enron

The article on Enron states that there was not one main reason why Enron fell; however it was a corporate culture of deception that lead to the demise of this company. Enron had many loans on their books that they disguised as assets to make them look stronger and more profitable. They worked backwards by figuring out what they wanted their company to look like financially, and then made changes in the books to make it appeal to them. Since the authorities were not using checks and balances to make sure fraud was not taking place, it would have been easy for Enron to make it look like particular divisions were doing worse then they actually were, so they did not have to pay their employees as much. It was also easy for Enron to lie to their accountants because they did not check what the managers told them was truth. The auditors did not check the accountant’s books for mistakes either. There were so many mistakes in so many different areas of this company that its hard t o pinpoint one thing. The article on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act summarizes the new legislation that has been put into place to help guard against another financial disaster, such as Enron and WorldCom. Under this law, attorneys are responsible to report any illegal acts to a board of directors. If the board of directors that the attorney reports to does not pass on this information to proper authority, they will be forced to resign. When the SAS 99 became effective, it profoundly changed the relationship between businesses and auditors because if the CPA does not follow the SAS 99 rules and it comes to the attention of the AICPA, they will lose their CPA and be prosecuted. The SAS 99 coupled with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act should do a great deal to safeguard against scandals in the business world.... Free Essays on Enron Free Essays on Enron The article on Enron states that there was not one main reason why Enron fell; however it was a corporate culture of deception that lead to the demise of this company. Enron had many loans on their books that they disguised as assets to make them look stronger and more profitable. They worked backwards by figuring out what they wanted their company to look like financially, and then made changes in the books to make it appeal to them. Since the authorities were not using checks and balances to make sure fraud was not taking place, it would have been easy for Enron to make it look like particular divisions were doing worse then they actually were, so they did not have to pay their employees as much. It was also easy for Enron to lie to their accountants because they did not check what the managers told them was truth. The auditors did not check the accountant’s books for mistakes either. There were so many mistakes in so many different areas of this company that its hard t o pinpoint one thing. The article on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act summarizes the new legislation that has been put into place to help guard against another financial disaster, such as Enron and WorldCom. Under this law, attorneys are responsible to report any illegal acts to a board of directors. If the board of directors that the attorney reports to does not pass on this information to proper authority, they will be forced to resign. When the SAS 99 became effective, it profoundly changed the relationship between businesses and auditors because if the CPA does not follow the SAS 99 rules and it comes to the attention of the AICPA, they will lose their CPA and be prosecuted. The SAS 99 coupled with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act should do a great deal to safeguard against scandals in the business world.... Free Essays on Enron Enron a Post Mortem - Enron was heralded as America’s most innovative company for five years by Fortune magazine. What happened? What lead to Enron’s demise? The collapse of Enron is one of the century ’ s most infamous, with reverberations being felt around the world. Craig Donaldson speaks with Enron ’ s interim CEO Stephen Cooper about his approach to people management in the midst of this most extraordinary of working circumstances Enron was one of America’s leading companies prior to its spectacular collapse in 2001. It was frequently named as one of America’s top 10 most admired corporations and best places to work, and its board was acclaimed one of the US’ best five, according to Fortune magazine. As America’s seventh largest company, Enron experienced explosive growth through the 1990s. It had revenues of US$139 ($184) billion, US$62 ($82) billion in assets and employed more than 30,000 people across 20 countries. While Enron was considered a phenomenon in its heyday, a highly decentralised decision-making and financial control structure made it virtually impossible to get a clear and coherent understanding of the corporation, according to interim CEO and chief restructuring officer, Stephen Cooper. â€Å"In the space of 30 days, Enron went from American icon to Chapter 11,† he says. The collapse brought an enormous amount of outrage from the company’s stakeholders, while the scale and complexity of Enron’s bankruptcy has resulted in 12 separate investigations by the US Congress.... Free Essays on Enron THE COLLAPSE OF ENRON In early, 2001, Enron Corporation was named most innovative company in America for the sixth year in a row by Fortune Magazine. Soon enough things had turned and by December 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy. Enron was the premiere trading company of the world, listed as the world’s greatest energy company and now in 2001 suffered the worst business failure in U.S. history. The U. S. was devastated by this and it really hurt all of the employees within Enron. Thousands of employees lost their jobs, savings, 401 (K) retirements plans virtually overnight. One retiree was reported to have lost $1.3 billion in savings and shareholders investors lost nearly $70 billion in market value. No one had even the slightest clue that any of this was going to happen, just like that they were out of there jobs with no money. People with families and children had nothing anymore, it was a travesty. The employees who had invested so much of their stock and savings in Enron’s plans suffered the most form this sudden downfall. They had nothing left to show for all of the hard work that had put into the company for so many years. The were so strong a year earlier in 200, employees were up to 19,000 people they even made $100 billion in revenues a year. Their plan was simply â€Å"becoming the world’s greatest company† which was stated by the current CEO and CEO at Enron, Kenneth Lay. When Kenneth states this I don’t think he puts an ethical review on this, considering the fact that he let go of so many people’s jobs and all of their money. He would do anything to get this company to the top, even if it was cheating, stealing, manipulating people. He is a very greedy person and put himself before his employees and the rest of the company. From my point of view that is ridiculous but that’s the kind of people we have in our world today, as long as they are living a good life they aren’t worry about ot... Free Essays on Enron Kenneth Lay, the ex-CEO of Enron took a small natural gas company, and created a financial powerhouse. In just a little over 15 years, Enron grew into one of the US’s largest companies. It embraced new technologies, established new methods of trading in energy and seemed to be a shining example of successful corporate America. Kenneth Lay himself was awarded a place in the Texas Business Hall of Fame for his achievement of bringing the small company to where it stood. Many surveys showed Kenneth Lay as one of the top managers for the nation. His background of academic and government positions helped back his position as a dedicated leader. Disaster then struck the companies success was all smoke and mirrors created by artificially inflated profits, dubious accounting practices, and fraud. The company unraveled and came crashing down, resulting in thousands of people loosing their jobs and life savings that they invested in to the company. Enron was born in July of 1985 with a merger of Houston Natural and Omaha-based InterNorth. Kenneth Lay was elected as the chairman and chief executive of the company. Around the same time Washington began to lift the controls over who produced energy and how it was distributed. Kenneth Lay saw a chance to make the small company thrive and seized it. Enron guaranteed its customers stable prices during the energy regulation changes. The response to the stable energy prices that Enron was offering was huge. Everyone wanted future gas at the fixed prices of today. In a few years Enron was responsible for over one fourth of the gas business for the United States. Kenneth Lay then decided that it would be profitable to expand its business into other fields by trading other commodities such as coal and steel. Early in the year 2000 Enron was peaking its economic success and began to invest into broadband Internet networks seeing the dot.com economy expand with profits. The company boa... Free Essays on Enron Enron Corp. is one of the world's largest energy, commodities and services company. Before its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, it marketed electricity and natural gas, delivered energy and other physical commodities, and provided financial and risk management services to customers worldwide. Based in Houston, Texas, Enron was formed in July 1985 by the merger of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth of Omaha, Nebraska. Initially a natural gas pipeline company, Enron rapidly evolved from delivering energy to brokering energy futures as energy markets were deregulated. The company began marketing electricity in 1994 and entered the European energy market in 1995. In 1999, Enron launched a plan to buy and sell access to high-speed Internet bandwidth, and it launched EnronOnline, a Web-based commodity trading site, making it an e-commerce company. The company reported revenues of $101 billion in 2000. It has stakes in nearly 30,000 miles of gas pipeline, owns or has access to a 15,000-mile fiber optic network, and has a stake in electricity generating operations around the world. Aftershocks in Europe Enron's collapse will hit many markets. Enron is the largest bankruptcy in United States history, and cost thousands of people their retirement and jobs. They used different accounting tricks to deceive their employees and the public on how good their financial situation really was. How could such a giant, thriving company go from worth around $60 billion dollars to bankruptcy in such a short period of time with no major warning signs? What could allow such a huge financial scandal to take place? How will the Enron scandal affect the current business world and the way that businesses are run in the future? These are all questions that are currently trying to be explained. The story of Enron is still constantly unwinding more and more everyday. The small Houston based company that was started in 1985 when Houston Natural Gas combi...

Marketing In A Time of Globalization †Marketing Essay

Marketing In A Time of Globalization – Marketing Essay Free Online Research Papers Marketing In A Time of Globalization Marketing Essay In my limited 31 years on this planet, I have seen much development and evolution of the English language. From slang words like â€Å"metro-sexual† to words like gigabyte that describe new technologies and services never seen before in history, there have been millions of new words introduced into society. Globalization is another such word that has evolved due to an interesting phenomenon sparked by factors such as the internet, ease of traveling and television. In this paper I will discuss globalization and a hopefully answer a few questions sparked by this new â€Å"buzz word† of the 21st century. The WikiPedia describes globalization as the worldwide phenomenon of technological, economic, and cultural change, as brought about by expanding facilities for intercommunication and interdependency between traditionally isolate cultures. Dramatically increased international trade and finance have established a medium wherein deeper cultural exchanges have taken place - greatly increasing the impact of global issues at the local scale. (Wikipedia) In short, globalization is the bringing together or the swapping of cultural ingredients among peoples of different cultures and countries. I found this picture on the internet and it drove the globalization point home. (Wikipedia.com) If this picture does not support the clashing of cultures I do not know what does. There are many trade theories that support the idea of globalization. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem states that a country which is capital-abundant will export the capital-intensive good. Likewise, the country which is labor-abundant will export the labor-intensive good. Each country exports that good which it produces relatively better than the other country. In this model a countrys advantage in production arises solely from its relative factor abundance. (internationalecon) The Heckscher-Ohlin theory basically says that countries will trade with those countries that have things that they need. This is the basis for international trade; quid pro quo. This â€Å"this for that† attitude among nations has really supported the fusion of culture. Prebisch-Singer Thesis also supports the idea of globalization. This thesis states that the price of products traded with other countries fall dramatically over time; therefore an increase in trading is needed to keep profits up. (bss.sfsu.edu) This means more business partnerships and more countries are reliant upon each other. This dependency and relationship between countries have really played a key role in the rapid globalization of the modern day world. Money might be the root of all evil, but it also can smooth out relations among super powers if both parties are getting what they want out of the deal. Two major drivers of globalization have been the break down of trade barriers and technology. Technology in particular has changed many aspect of modern life. Services such as the internet which allows for global communication at a seconds notice and the unadulterated exchange of information among individuals in opposite sides of the world have played a key role in the merging of cultures. The degradation of trade barriers have allowed for more business and exchanges to happen between countries. There has even been a lot of talk lately about lifting the trade embargo against Cuba. Money talks, and when it does, people listen. The people of Cuba would greatly benefit not only financially from trade lines with the US, but they would also benefit in social and economical ways as well. Globalization has affected almost every aspect of American life. It is pretty normal for me to have a piece of cold pizza for breakfast (Italian cuisine), go to lunch down the street at PF Chang’s, (Chinese cuisine) and then finish up a nice dinner that night at Tres Amigos, (Mexican cuisine). Another more important affect of globalization is in the work environment. In this politically correct world we live in, it is imperative that each person in a work environment feels comfortable in their environment. With many cultures coming together around the water cooler each day, it is imperative that employees and employers are knowledgeable about other cultures and peoples. Marketing is another area of life effected by globalization. In previous marketing classes, we learned that it is imperative to find your target market before marketing your product. What if that target market is of another culture? What if you want to target your product to multiple genres and cultures? Every culture is different and reacts to marketing differently. Wal-Mart, saturated in the US, has been looking over seas for more potential shoppers. Lately they have been targeting China; Wal-Mart has spent millions of dollars in research figuring out how to market to the Chinese people. Regional trade blocs are intergovernmental associations that manage and promote trade activities for specific regions of the world. (ucatlas). Some well known trading blocs include the EU (European Union; see Map 1), NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement; see Map 2), MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del Cono Sur, also known as Southern Common Markets (SCCM); see Map 3), and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations; see Map 4). The following maps show trade data for 2001 (UNCTAD 2002). Map 1 Map 2 Map 3 Map 4 http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/trade/subtheme_trade_blocs.php NAFTA is the trade bloc that affects North America the most. January 1, 2004 marks the tenth anniversary of the North American Free Trade Agreement’s implementation. NAFTA promoters including many of the world’s largest corporations promised it would create hundreds of thousands of new high-wage U.S. jobs, raise living standards in the U.S., Mexico and Canada, improve environmental conditions and transform Mexico from a poor developing country into a booming new market for U.S. exports. (citizen.org) The EU has become the most powerful trading bloc in the world with a GDP now exceeding that of the United States. In fact, the EU is currently exporting 813 billion dollars worth of goods and services. The creation of the euro as a single currency for 12 EU members has led to ever closer economic links. The EU has found it difficult to shed its protectionist past based on the idea of self-sufficiency in agriculture which limits agricultural exports from the other countries. (revisioncaptain.com) The importance of the EU is the fact that Europe is a huge economic partner with the United States. If they fail, then our strong economic ties would put a huge strain on our economy as well. Globalization has been a bi-product of the rapid expansion of peoples of different nations and cultures clashing. Sparked by monetary funds and kept up by the thought of a more prosperous and comfortable lifestyle, countries will continue to merge their cultures as our peoples merge their living, business and vacation geographic locations. References Http://www.Wikipedia.com Http://www.Sticky-Marketing.com Http://www.Learnthat.com http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/trade/subtheme_trade_blocs.php http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/trade/subtheme_trade_blocs.php citizen.org/trade/nafta revisionguru.co.uk/economics/blocsex.htm Research Papers on Marketing In A Time of Globalization - Marketing EssayDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentGenetic Engineering

Will democracy ever develop in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Will democracy ever develop in Iraq - Essay Example However, there is also considerable number of those politicians and scholars whom believe the task of achieving democracy might be too difficult or even impossible for Iraq. Experts list a number of factors that prevent Iraq from becoming a democratic country, at least in the short-term. For example, Marine General Anthony Zinni, who was the Head of U.S. Central Command from 1997 to 2000 made the following statement on the probability of establishing democracy in Iraq: â€Å"If we think there is a fast solution to changing the governance of Iraq, then we don’t understand history, the nature of the country, the divisions, or the underneath suppressed passions that could rise up. God help us if we think this transition will occur easily. The attempts I’ve seen to install democracy in short periods of time where there is no history and no roots have failed. Take it back to Somalia (Zinni, 2002 cited in Dodge, 2003, p.157). This opinion of the person who was directly involved in the process of democratization of Iraq are supported by many scholars and political experts. Adam Garfinkle, a famous Middle East political expert, also holds the opinion that establishing democracy in the country is an immensely difficult task, while any attempt to fulfill it will not only result in failure but will also lead to the growth of anti-American spirit in the Arab world (Garfinkle, 2003). The pessimism that currently exists in relation to the possibility of establishing democracy in Iraq relies on the assumption that the country does not have any favorable conditions for democratic transformation. This means that not only social and economic prerequisites such as numerous middle class, serious economic opportunities, good system of education and other are not there but also that the traditional political culture contradicts the democratic norms and values. As is well known, â€Å"democracy† is taken from Ð ° Greek word which means government of the people, by

Demonstrate appropriate and effective techniques in written and verbal Essay

Demonstrate appropriate and effective techniques in written and verbal formats to prepare and deliver presentations, including the effective use of research, organization, visual aids, and APA citations - Essay Example The situation or message is clear, it is about positive thinking. The message is universal. There is no specific audience being targeted by the presentation. It is directed to all individuals. The aim of the video is to encourage all those watching the video to think positively. In lieu of a speaker, the thoughts of the creator of the video are expressed through the captions. Simple sentences are used yet they are very meaningful and effective at driving the message to the audience. The sentences are easy to understand; thus, it is able to reach out to audiences of different intellectual backgrounds. The background music that accompanies the presentation serves to enhance the video. It helps to capture the attention of the audience. The music chosen is appropriate with the message that wants to be communicated to the viewers. The second video is â€Å"How to change your negative thoughts† (Melnick, 2008). The message of the presentation is also about positive thinking. In this video, one sees a speaker talking in front of an audience. The author is obviously persuading her audience to change their perspective in life, that is, to eliminate the negative thoughts and convert them to positive thoughts. The speaker is able to get the attention of her audience through eye contact, changes in her intonation and pitch, and through her nonverbal skills. She emphasizes various points in her speech through changes in her facial expression, tone, pacing and volume. She is able to send concise messages with the help of the body language which she employs to stress a point. She uses counterarguments to convince her audience. One observes though that she speaks quite fast which may be a hindrance in communicating to her audience because they may not be able to accurately receive and comprehend her message. Comparing the two videos, one thinks that the video on â€Å"The Secret† is more effective at communicating the message on positive thinking.

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for Example Essay Example for Free

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for Example Essay If to create value means to create totally new value that never exist in its current society, media is impossible to create value. Media is always derived from our society, so it always reflects and display the value already exist in our society. But, some profound works will not Just simply reflect value, but extract values from our society, strengthen it and then can affect the value of our society, which will make people consider this works create value. One innate reason that make media always reflect the value of current society is, their authors come from the current society, who are already deeply affected by the alue around them. One example is what people like and feel in different times reflect in the music. 100 years ago, when more people live in the countries, life is more peaceful, and people more like quiet and simple life, country music are popular. At time that, the lyric of the country music reflect the peaceful and simple life people enjoy. But nowadays, in our modern life, more and more people live in modern city, crowded, noisy and stressful, which make people more easily feel angry and yearn for release. So todays pop music, reflecting our modern life, are more dynamic and quick, and most of them more noisy. Some lyric of the pop music will describe a people crying for his/her dissatisfaction and pressure from the society. Another good example that media reflect value of society is how people in different areas treat sex that affects their media. In some religious countries, people consider sex as a taboo. People tend to not talk about it in public. So it is not easy to see authors describe sex explicitly in their works, no mention that public media will advertize this topic. But in western countries, sex for their people, is Just a common and regular need in their value, so it is common to see that the medias come from estern countries will even describe sex. Simply to say, books, music and all kinds of different works and value always reflect the value of the current society in their time and area. If value totally never exist in the society, new value in media cannot be created or spread there. Although all works reflect the value of the current society, the profound works would extract and highlight the value, and apply it to affect the society where it comes from. For example, in renaissance times, lots of philosophers, thinkers and sociologists created works to diffuse their value, like people are all equal, people have the right ince their birth. This value has long and deep effect on the public people that incited people to stand up and resist the privileged class. But these great philosophers, thinkers and sociologists can put this value into their works and spread it because this value nas already existed in the society But this value is not so strong and well-known, what this works do is to strengthen and deepen it into the society. In sum, all media come from society so reflect the value where they are derived. But in some degree, some profound works can strengthen the value and affect the society.

The Raga System Essay -- essays research papers

Music is an expression of inner feelings through tones (swar) and rhythm (taal). These swars and taals are combined so that they are pleasing to the ear. Music is sound created from the ideas and emotions of man. When these ideas are expressed through the voice in a rhythmic and appealing sound, music is born. Music in its true form controls human activity and is thus the source of attaining pleasure and salvation. At the base of Indian Classical music lies an appreciation for, and an emphasis on creating sound with aesthetic appeal. This is achieved through Raga or melody. In Brihaddeshi, Matang defines raga as â€Å"that attractive combination of notes which pleases the mind†. That this sound be attractive and pleasing is of extreme importance. Because music is so closely linked to human emotion, it is important that it is written and performed so as to truly interpret and convey the emotion and beauty of the melody. To ensure that this is done successfully, there are some guidelines for Indian Classical musicians to follow to ensure an effective interpretation and display of their art. The system of raga in Hindusthani Classical music is both complex and sophisticated, using particular elements within strict guidelines to attain a pleasing and beautiful sound. In addition to the aesthetic aspect, a raga is also distinctive in form. These two aspects are inextricably bound together and are used in a complementary manner. In Hindusthani Classical music, ragas have been classified according to their form under ten thaats. The ten thaats under which all ragas are classified have derived from the twelve notes used in Hindusthani Classical music. A thaat is the ascending scale from which a raga is created. The ten thaats are: Kalyan, Bilawal, Khamaj, Bhairav, Poorvi, Maarva, Kafi, Asawari, Bhairavi and Todi. A thaat is named after the most prominent raga created from it. Ragas are also classified by the number of notes used in their ascent and descent. Two ragas written from the same thaat will comprise the same notes, however, the possibilities of development are limitless. Thus, each raga is a unique expression of an artist’s mind. In creating a raga, a musician must adhere to several guidelines, and must have an understanding of the es sential elements or lakshans which comprise a raga. These are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A raga must possess at least five... .... Use of taans shows the singer’s talent and creative power. When presented in its truest form, music has the power to affect human emotion. Hindusthani classical music is rooted in this belief. Some believe that music is an interesting part of natural philosophy that explains the causes and properties of sound. Music is believed to be present in every living and non-living thing. It is manifest through the art of raga. Raga or melody is, above all, an aesthetically pleasing sound. To create it, a musician must follow several guidelines and adhere to a strict framework vis-à  -vis form. A musician must also have as his or her aim, to incite a particular emotion in the listener’s mind. In interpreting a raga, a singer must understand these emotions and try to bring them out using the voice. He or she must also practice singing the unique note combinations for many hours. The system is complex, and it takes much practice and deliberation to successfully render a raga – sometimes many years. Once both musician and singer follow the rules laid down in the earlier texts, a raga can be truly beautiful and as Indian classical musicians believe, capable of attaining pleasure and salvation.

Chris Mccandless Character Analysis Essay

One may say that Chris McCandless was an arrogant fool considering the decisions he made throughout his short life. Others may say he was an incredible inspiration and should be honored beyond his death for his choices. McCandless may have made some questionable choices within his journey, yet he was nothing less of an inspiration to those who feel that they have not ‘found themselves’ and deserves respect for the impact he has made. Although he is respectable, he also had ample flaws that may have led him to his tragic ending. Instead of being seen as narcissistic and arrogant, McCandless could be seen as an idealist. He believed that reality was past the everyday life that he was living, and he could find reality within a transcendent phenomenon. Although he was told multiple times not to go through with the lone journey to Alaska, McCandless stuck to his decision and did not take into account the advice he was given by many. Unlike most, McCandless was not influenced by the people in his life. He strived on his own idea of life rather than what is taught and learned throughout society. The indifference McCandless felt in his everyday life was what led him to pursue his inspirable journey that was scrutinized by Krakauer and others. Even as a youth, McCandless showed signs of being an idealist. Walt McCandless, Chris’s father, took Chris on a backpacking trip every year. One year Walt took Chris and his youngest son to climb Longs Peak in Colorado. When they reached an elevation of 13,000 feet, Walt decided it was time to turn around. â€Å"Chris wanted to keep going,† Walt recalled. â€Å"He was only twelve then†¦ If he’d been fourteen or fifteen, he would have simply gone on without me (Krakauer page 109). † This ambition Chris displayed to climb the mountain even when he was young showed his different outlook from most younger children to the more challenging aspects of life. This must have been a point of realization for Chris. His journey had been in the making even from such a young age. Gaylord Stuckey claimed â€Å"It was something he’d wanted to do since he was little (Krakauer page 159). † These idealist-like ambitions had reflected on the choices Chris made as an adult. Chris McCandless had refused to just fit in with those around him. Instead of listening to what others had for an opinion on his choices, he did what he wanted to do. Even when McCandless was offered luxuries such as food or a place to live, he would only stick around for a very short period of time, then be on his way. McCandless’s father even noticed the strive for difference in his son. â€Å"He didn’t think the odds applied to him. We were always trying to pull him back from the edge,† said Walt McCandless. The way Chris refused to blend in with society even with the pressure surrounding him to fit in was a respectable quality in his personality. Many of those who connected with Chris on his trip also saw him as a respectable man. Even though he had refused their offerings and left quickly without much communication, they never saw him as arrogant or prude. Even though McCandless had been incredibly respectable, he also had weaknesses, or flaws. One of these flaws was over-confidence. Before his trip to Alaska, Chris donated $25,000 to charity, ditched his vehicle and most of his possessions, and burned the rest of his cash. By doing this, McCandless demonstrated his idealist quality. Instead of thinking of reality, he made impulsive decisions to satisfy his spiritual self. McCandless also did not prepare for his trip as he should have. He went without bringing a map and brought very little amounts of food with him. By refusing to bring a map, he made it a very difficult trip back for himself that may have cost him his life. He had been offered supplies by multiple people he had met on his way, but refused most of them. McCandless relied too greatly on himself and nature for a trip that needed well thought out planning and devising. For enduring what many could not imagine, pursuing his childhood intents, and refusing to fit in with society, Chris McCandless was nothing less than respectable. Even with his flaws that led him to his death, he stayed true to himself and didn’t give up. All in all, Chris McCandless deserves recognition and respect for his enthusiasm and inspirable story.

Paradox of Samsung’s rise Essay

Summary Samsung has been grown up to the one of the world giant company. Thus, Samsung faces the challenge of moving beyond their home markets. As the company growing abroad, the CEO Gunhee Lee needed to reinvent the strategy. Thus, Samsung tried to follow the strategies of developed Multi National Corporation. Samsung multiplied Japanese management system and Western management system at the same time into the new Samsung’s Hybrid System. This system continuously improves the organizational process. It also creates the culture focusing on the innovation. Thus, the president Lee decided that sending the people abroad and hiring people who were non-Korean. That way, Samsung can openly experience lots of culture and systems and find what are the best suitable for the company. Samsung also provides the sufficient competition for talent, combined with a strong confusion tradition of respect for elders, through changing into performance based-pay system form seniority-based compensation an d promotion system. These several factors especially Samsung’s Hybrid system and Mix and match strategy led the Samsung to become a global company. Arguments 1. The purpose of hiring employees from outside is very ideal, but it is hard to headhunt talented people especially hunting the entry-level employees from outside. It works for high position (Samsung even uses their chartered plane to scout the competent people). However, what Samsung is trying to do is spreading whole company with new-thinkers and sending insiders abroad. How do they attract some big innovators from abroad for even relatively low position? Although it is clear that Samsung itself is internationally competitive enough, it will be very difficult to entice talented outsiders who want to work for their own countries. 2. In terms of Global Strategy Group (GSG), in this article, they are trying to dilute their geodraphical repatriation in Samsung. In reality, they are not many board members from outside. Most external employees are likely to go abroad after working Samsung for only few years. It tells that Samsung seems hard time to make their company global. There is still existed strong hierarchy culture inside. Also, high-pressured membership training in every summer is one of the important reason to lead new-thinkers go back to outside. Samsung’s strong confusion tradition of respect for elders and seniority-based compensation and promotion system are still existed. Thus, it seems to stand in the way of outsider’s loyalty towards Samsung.

Echelon- U.S Spy network essays

Echelon- U.S Spy network essays Thesis Statement: Credible reports suggest that the United States is part of a massive global electronic surveillance system known as Echelon. Introduction: Many of us believe that we live in a country that allows us our right to privacy. A. 5 nations are involved in intercepting communications around the globe. 1. The 5 nations are Canada, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and chiefly the United States, (U.S.). 2. Echelon is top secret and its existence has never been admitted by the U.S 1. E-Mails, Phone calls and faxes are intercepted and scanned by super computers and sifted for specific intelligence. 2. Echelon can also hack into computers and the files of any computer linked to a communication device such as the internet 3. The U.S. can use this system to target organizations and individuals for political or economical gain. A. There are networks of satellite that are stealing information and sending it down to information scanning stations spread over the 5 nations. 1. The Supercomputers scan through the data looking for key words that raise security flags in the system. 2. The computers then distribute the pertinent intelligence to the different agencies of government. B. The main agency in charge is the National Security Administration, (N.S.A.), of the U.S. 1. The N.S.A. is supposed to use the information to guard our country against terrorism or other types of threats against the nation. 2. The N.S.A operates without the oversight of congress or the courts. III. Allegations have surfaced about the misuse of this system. A. Former employees associated with the system have now come forward and cited that it was used for purposes not connected with national security. 1. An officer with the joint intelligence committee resigned his position after claiming he was put in charge of monitoring foreign companies for economic gain 2. The former head of the Central Intelligence Agency said the...

Understand the Difference Between Organic and Inorganic

Understand the Difference Between Organic and Inorganic The word organic means something very different in chemistry than it does when youre talking about produce and food. Organic compounds and inorganic compounds form the basis of  chemistry.  The primary difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Also, nearly all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or C-H bonds. Note, containing carbon is not sufficient for a compound to be considered organic! Look for both carbon and hydrogen. Did You Know? Organic and inorganic chemistry are two of the main disciplines of chemistry. An organic chemist studies organic molecules and reactions, while an inorganic chemistry focuses on inorganic reactions. Examples of Organic Compounds or Molecules Molecules associated with living organisms are organic. These include nucleic acids, fats, sugars, proteins, enzymes, and hydrocarbon fuels. All organic molecules contain carbon, nearly all contain hydrogen, and many also contain oxygen. DNAtable sugar or sucrose, C12H22O11benzene, C6H6methane, CH4ethanol or grain alcohol, C2H6O Examples of Inorganic Compounds Inorganics include salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any other compounds that dont contain carbon bonded to hydrogen. Some inorganic molecules do, in fact, contain carbon. table salt or sodium chloride, NaClcarbon dioxide, CO2diamond (pure carbon)silversulfur Organic Compounds Without  C-H Bonds Few organic compounds dont contain carbons of these exceptions include: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)urea [CO(NH2)2] Organic Compounds and Life While most organic compounds encountered in chemistry are produced by living organisms, its possible for the molecules to form through other processes. For example, when scientists talk about organic molecules discovered on Pluto, this doesnt mean there are aliens on the world. Solar radiation can provide energy to produce organic compounds from inorganic carbon compounds.

Continuos Professional Development for Nurses Essay

Continuos Professional Development for Nurses - Essay Example Increasing recognition of the need for continuing professional development or CPD for health professionals has created an inevitable expansion in course provision (Hicks & Hennessy, 2001). For a course to be successful, the particular CPD course must be able to meet the local health service needs, as well as the personal and professional development of the participants (Hicks & Hennessy, 2001). CPDs should also design methods and strategies that would encourage participation of professionals especially nurses for it to be successful. In the study conducted by McMullan, Jones and Lea (2011) entitled, â€Å" The effect of an interactive e-drug calculations package on Nursing Students' Drug Calculation ability and self-efficacy†, aimed in comparing an interactive form of CPD and the traditional type of providing hand-outs. Using the PEDro Scale Rating, the said study was good in terms that it was able to determine the significance of CPD in the life of nurses. Nurses need to be c ompetent and confident in performing drug calculations to ensure patient safety (McMullan, Jones & Lea, 2011). The study utilized a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the e-package with traditional hand-out learning support (McMullan, Jones & Lea, 2011). The author of this paper believes that Randomized Controlled Trials or RCT should be conducted in determining the essence of CPD in the Nursing Profession for the reason that it limits bias and therefore provides reliability and validity of the findings. Moreover, the factors that may alter the validity of results are also given focus so as to promote precision and accuracy of results that will be obtained. Lastly, RCTs typically provide a clear picture of the answers to the inquiries posed by the issue regarding Continuing Professional Development or CPD for nurses. As a nurse, the said study was beneficial for it had proven the importance of undergoing Continuing Professional Development Courses in order to improve the skills and knowledge of nurses which is crucial in fulfilling the endeavor of providing quality care to patients. This study challenged nurses that they must continue to update themselves in order to keep at pace with the different demands or needs of their patients. It can also be concluded that learning does not stop after one has obtained his or her nursing license instead it is a continuous and lifelong process for one cannot learn everything in an instant. Moreover, a variety of updates and new discoveries are being divulged everyday in the field of nursing and for a nurse to competently play his or her role, he or she must continue to grow and mature in the profession by means of learning not only for professional enhancement but also for holistic development as an individual. II. Studying comprises a set of skills that can be learned, practiced and combined together as an overall procedure, and that this method will ensure the success of an individual (Mason-Whitehead & Mason , 2008, p. 1). Subsequently, being a student necessitates a mental attitude and a set of behaviors mandatory for the process of studying to be enjoyable and at the same time successful (Mason-Whitehead

FINAL LEGAL RESEARCH PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

FINAL LEGAL RESEARCH PAPER - Essay Example Therefore, these researchers end up not publishing their information regarding varied flaws they normally find characterizing certain digital products. For instance, Dmitry Sklyarov’s arrest prompted Fred Cohen to withdraw information regarding â€Å"Forensix† software from his website claiming he was afraid of DMCA’s liability once he steps in US (Von Lohmann, 2010). Some scientists as well as researchers have expressed their fears especially when visiting US in the quest of attending varied conferences. This is because they deem US’ authorities will arrest them due to their past openness in revealing flaws that characterize certain Corporations’ products who have filed charges before without their knowledge (Von Lohmann, 2010). Hence, prompting these scientists and researchers to compel conference organizers to hold such events in other non-US states (Von Lohmann, 2010). Other researchers have decided not to reveal their findings all together in t he quest of ensuring they have maintained cordial relationship with the US. This is detrimental especially to the unsuspecting customers who may not understand exactly certain flaws that characterize most of the reputable products they have been using (Von Lohmann, 2010). a. ... nt researchers â€Å"play safe† by withholding their varied researches concerning flaws, which they have ascertained evident in some digital products, for instance, Mr. Song (who has authored varied security researches) (Von Lohmann, 2010). b. Introduction to the Problem DMCA liability has prompted numerous researchers to withdraw as well as withhold essential researches concerning flaws, which they have ascertained characterizing certain digital products. Since most of these researchers fear prosecutions and arrests once they visit US (Von Lohmann, 2010). Studies have also revealed how certain researchers especially Russian programmers to date decline attending US conferences and prefer them held in other states. This is due to the past information they have revealed concerning flaws evident in some of the most reputable products produced by US corporations for years (Von Lohmann, 2010). c. Purpose Statement This study seeks to ascertain exactly what prompts scientists and pr ogrammers decline unveiling essential information, which they have found characterizing some reputable digital products. d. Research Questions and Sub questions i. What is the impact of DMCA liability to both scientists and programmers since its inception to date? ii. What are the researchers’ views concerning DMCA liability? iii. So far, what damages has DMCA liability caused to both scientists and programmers? iv. Does the DMCA liability affect only the US’ scientists and programmers? v. What are some of the examples that indicate DMCA liability has interfered with both researchers and programmers’ legal rights? vi. Is it true researchers and other experts in this field withhold essential information fearing prosecution or barred from visiting US? e. Statement of Significance Scientists,

Marketing in Practice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing in Practice - Case Study Example Global scenario of Confectionary industry: The confectionary market consists of chocolates, gum, cereal bars and sugar confectionary. The global confectionary market grew by 3% in 2006 to reach a value of 100.9 billion dollars. Chocolate sales dominate, accounting for 54.4% of the global confectionery markets value. Out of total confectionary market worldwide, Europe generates 46.6% of the total global confectionary markets value. It has been projected that in 2011, the global confectionary market will become to the value of 116 billion dollars, an increase of 14.9% since 2006. By the year 2011, the global confectionary market is forecast to have a volume of 15.1 billion kg, an increase of 9.9% since 2006. (All the data has been extracted from the Data Monitor report on global confectionary, Feb 2008). The confectionary market in regions such as Western Europe and North America has become mature and nearing to saturation. Consumption level in these areas reached to nearly static posi tion. Confectionary market is growing mostly in Central and Eastern Europe, India and China. It has been forecasted that global confectionary market between 2006 and 2010, grow @16% in value terms reaching more than 145 billion dollars. Volume sales have been expected to over 17.8 million tones by 2010. So it has been obvious that globally, confectionery market is expected to grow and Cadbury being the largest company after merger with Hershey it has strengthen their respective positions in the higher-growth markets for healthier forms of confectionery. Confectionary market worldwide is very competitive and it could be very well understood by the fact that the global confectionery market remains relatively fragmented, with the top six manufacturers accounting for less than half (45%) of value sales. Significance for Cadbury: The Company, Cadbury Schweppes is one of the largest confectionary companies based in UK and operates in almost 30 countries. UK has a well grown confectionery industry as a sub-sector of the British food industry. Within the European confectionery industry, the UK confectionery industry leads the field and the UK is unlikely to lose its place as the leading consumer of confectionery products. It has been estimated that in the last ten years consumer expenditure on food has increased to double but the expenditure on confectionary has tripled. It has been contributing considerably to British economy. This situation clearly shows that if Cadbury has to expand its business, it has to move in the areas like India, China, and East Europe etc. Market of confectionery is growing but in the developed country where market growth has stagnated, companies are trying various strategies like expanding its business in the areas which ultimately providing them proper oppor tunities to grow. Cadbury have 8 major competitors but one of the major competitors has merged with it and provided strategic mileage to the company. This market research has shown the direction of change as well as the direction of progress for Cadbury. It should know its competitors, which are mainly Mass Inc, Hearshey Food Corporation, Nestle SA, Ferrere etc. Most of the companies have similar types of distribution channel and developing new product range. Looking at the market situation it has been very obvious that confectionary market has the potential to grow and at the same time companies also have motivation and zeal to move ahead. 2.

Compare and contrast Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast Shakespeare Essay Both poets discuss the treatment of women within their world. In each case, they indicate their disgust with the way men behave. Shakespeares sonnet offers a mocking tone to the courtly gentlemen of his day whilst Zephanaiahs tone is more angry. Shakespeare writes to a strict ABAB rhyming pattern within the fourteen line sonnet structure. Benjamin Zephanaiah however does not stick to any sort of standard rhyming pattern and the poem is not written in a regular western structure, more so in a reggae rhythm. The effect Shakespeare obtains from this structure is one of a mordant tone. The audience of the time would have expected a poem of love like Bartholomew Griffins Fiddesa. The audience expects My mistress eyes to be described as on a level with the warm brightness of the sun, and are stunned to read nothing like the sun. This evidently gives an image of Shakespeare mocking Griffin and other poets that wrote love poems at the time. I think that Zephanaiah, however, is not writing in a regular western structure and rhythm because he wants to break convention. His poem is deeply rhythmic but he clearly avoids using Eurocentric rhyming patterns and structures. This encapsulates an angry atmosphere to the poem. The reggae rhythm is often used to attack western culture. The Caribbean culture used the reggae rhythm to speak out in times of despair when Negroes were persecuted. Reggae has a distinctive sound, which originates from the West Indies. Zephanaiah writes put de judge in the grave,. The word grave is a very strong word. He is almost suggesting the judge should be killed. When he says, judge I do not think he is only referring to the judges of these so called Miss World beauty pageants but anybody that is judgemental in this way. Every person on the planet has judged somebody at some time in his or her lives, so does everybody deserve to die? It becomes apparent that Zephanaiah is also unhappy with other types of persecutions, namely racism. Zephanaiah makes several references to slavery and how his sister dont want to go to the market to be viewed like a slave and be viewed like her ancestors were, like second class citizens. He carefully intertwines womanhood and slavery. He is clearly referring to women that have been forced to become prostitutes in the red light districts of the world. Zephanaiah shows his rage to these activities as well as his disgust with how some people feel that women are tradable. Both poems use non-comparisons. Shakespeare say his mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; and that no such roses see I in her cheeks;. Shakespeare clearly mocks the love poets of the era; for example in the poem Fidessa by Bartholomew Griffin his ladys eyes the brightest stars the heavens hold; Her cheeks, red roses, such as seld have been; Fidessa line 3 Benjamin Griffin wrote Fidessa in 1596. Sonnet 130 was written just thirteen years later in 1609. Fidessa is written in the style typical to the love poetry of the time. Shakespeare clearly detests this style of writing, so writes a poem to mock it. Shakespeares poem is written in a sarcastic manner. Zephanaiah, however, uses different types of non comparisons like her value is not prize money. She is priceless. Human souls are not designed for trading; a price cannot be put on a life. The difference in effect is a much angrier feeling to the more modern of the two poems. Neither one of the poems describes the female as a woman, lady or even wife. Shakespeare uses mistress. Mistress are associated with power and control; they are on a level with any male equivalents. Zephanaiah uses the word sister. Again he is trying to show the female as an equal to the male. In both poems this has the same effect; the female is treated in the same way as a man. Both poets are trying to give a certain amount of respect to women. Both poems feature the same basic themes of sexual discrimination, the only difference being the tone they are written in. Sonnet 130 is written to mock the poets of the time whilst Miss World is written in resentment and exasperation.

Racial Profiling: Driving While Black is a Real Offense in America Essa

â€Å"In recent years, scores of African Americans and Latinos, including prominent athletes, members of Congress, actors, lawyers, business leaders and even police officers, have experienced the humiliation of being stopped on the nation’s highways upon suspicion of a crime. Few white motorists can tell the same story.† (Bouie 2014). Most colored motorists have had this feeling at least once while driving. The article, "It's Been Proven: "Driving While Black" is a Real Thing" takes a look at incidents around the United States where the multitude of racial stops have been questioned. They explore three sides of the â€Å"driving while black† issue: whites who feel they have never experienced this or were let off for not being colored, blacks who feel they have been discriminated against, and cops defending the force and believing this does not happen. Many State Troopers were being investigated for a variety of discriminatory stops. An attorney, William Merton, has been a part of the investigation of the troopers and found some very interesting information. A man named John Mean was pulled over by the troopers, where he was driving the same speed as the cars around him and he was pulled over. He then was threatened, with the probability of a search warrant, to give up his privacy rights and be searched. His car was then searched and he was release with a warning, twenty-five minutes later. This incident, like many others, was not reported, which shows a suspicion in the data collected from the department (Bouie 2014). Through a debate with Christopher A. Darden, an Associate Professor of Law at Southwestern School of Law in Los Angeles and Byron Warnken, a Professor of Law at the University of Baltimore School of Law, they ex... ...tute. Web. 28 May 2015. http://www.policemisconduct.net/ Bouie, Jamelle. "It's Been Proven: "Driving While Black" is a Real Thing" The Daily Beast. Jan. 10 2014. Web. 1 June 2015. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/10/watch-out-driving-while-black-is-still-a-problem.html Martin, Rich. (2010). "Police Corruption" FBI Web. 23 May 2015. http://leb.fbi.gov/2011/may/police-corruption-an-analytical-look-into-police-ethics Harris, David A. ACLU. (1999). "DRIVING WHILE BLACK: RACIAL PROFILING ON OUR NATION'S HIGHWAYS" American Civil Liberties Union. Web. 18 May 2015. https://www.aclu.org/report/driving-while-black-racial-profiling-our-nations-highways Harris, D. (n.d.). Cost of Getting Stopped. THE STORIES, THE STATISTICS, AND THE LAW: WHY "DRIVING WHILE BLACK" MATTERS. Web. 30 May 2015. http://academic.udayton.edu/race/03justice/dwb02.htm

Irving Berlin: His Music, His Life Essay

America has become a home to diverse kinds of music. It epitomizes the diversity of people and culture that live in it. One great American composer that we consider to have a gargantuan contribution to its development as what it is now is Irving Berlin. Although he was born in Russia, he managed to share his melodies and lyrics to people in an era fraught by war, cultural alienation and economic instability. The son of an impoverished Jewish cantor, he was taken to America at the age of five. His father died when he was 13, and a year later he ran away from home, rather than be a burden to his mother. He sang for pennies outside cabarets, became a chorus boy, a stooge in vaudeville, a song plugger and a singing waiter. Berlin had no formal musical training, but taught himself to play the piano, if only in one key, F . He began churning out songs, usually serving as his own lyricist, and finally caught America’s ear with ‘Alexander’s Ragtime Band’ in 1911 (Bordmann, 2001). According to New Grove Dictionary, Berlin’s first complete stage work, â€Å"Watch Your Step† (1914), purported to be the first musical written entirely in ragtime. However, his supporters would argue that that was not strictly so, but cannot dispute that Berlin played a major role in making ragtime popular, just as the real genre was fading away. The show’s hit was ‘Simple melody’. Between â€Å"Watch Your Step† and â€Å"Mr President† (1962) Berlin wrote all or most of the songs for 19 other Broadway shows. As a Jewish, Berlin maintained his ties to his own community. Berlin was very much a part of New York City’s radically multicultural milieu, which encompassed, in addition to his own group, Jews who had been in the United States for several generations; other recent immigrants to the New World from such places as Italy, Sicily, Portugal, and Turkey; Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians who had come over a generation or two ago; Americans of British heritage who had a much longer history in the United States and who had largely shaped the nation’s political, educational, and cultural life; and some blacks, who were still very much on the fringes of American society. Like David Quixando in Zangwill’s play, Berlin had personal and professional association with many people outside his own ethnic group: Chuck Connors, a friend and protector during his early days in Chinatown; his first collaborator, Mike Nicholson; Edgar Leslie, born in Stamford, Connecticut, and a graduate of the Cooper Union; the Irish-American George M. Cohan and the Dublin-born Victor Herbert, who became mentors and friends. He associated as freely as was possible at the time with such black musicians as Eubie Blake (Hamm, 1997, p.ix). Hamm (1997) cited that some of Berlin’s biographers have singled out â€Å"When I Lost You† as his first mature, fully successful ballad. They have related the content of the lyric to the fact that in early 1912 Berlin married Dorothy Goetz, the sister of his friend and collaborator E. Ray Goetz, and that the bride died five months after their wedding of typhoid or pneumonia probably contracted during the couple’s honeymoon in Havana. â€Å"When I Lost You†, published several months after her death, has a lyric lamenting the loss of a loved one. I lost the sunshine and roses, I lost the heavens of blue, I lost the beautiful rainbow, I lost the morning dew; I lost the angel who gave me Summer, the whole winter through, I lost the gladness that turned into sadness, When I lost you. It’s not true that the song is â€Å"unlike any song Berlin had previously written† in being â€Å"an exceedingly simple and stately waltz employing a bittersweet† (p. 162). In 1925, Berlin met and fell in love, for the second time, with Ellin Mackay, the daughter and heiress of Clarence H. Mackay, head of Postal Telegraph. As a devout Irish-American Catholic and a member of an elite New York society, Clarence Mackay recruited his immense power and resources in an attempt to prevent their marriage and, when all other strategy failed, he sent his daughter off to Europe for several months. During her absence, Berlin wrote several of his most poignant love ballads, including â€Å"Always† and â€Å"Remember†. When she returned to New York they were married secretly at City Hall on January 4, 1926, embarking immediately afterwards on a European honeymoon. When news of the marriage leaked out to the press, the newspapers gave much publicity to the romance which had so dramatically broken down social and religious barriers. The event even found its way into music in â€Å"When a Kid Who Came from the East Side Found a Sweet Society Rose† (lyrics by Al Dubin and music by Jimmy McHugh). Although Clarence H. Mackay disinherited his daughter and refused to communicate with her, even after the Berlins’ first child was born, he later allowed a reconciliation to take place, and he remained sympathetic to his son-in-law (Ewen & Ewen, 1962, p. 24-25). Irving and Ellin had three daughters—Mary Ellin, Linda, and Elizabeth, all of whom were raised Protestant—and a son, Irving Berlin, Jr. , who died before his first birthday, on Christmas Day in 1928. As a father, Berlin was absent too much to be a doting father. During World War II, he traveled with his show, This Is the Army. When he wasn’t on the road he worked at night, going to bed at 4 or 5 AM and sleeping until noon. There were three faiths in the house – Ellin was Catholic, Irving was Jewish and the three girls were raised Protestant, largely because Ellin was in favor of religious tolerance (People Weekly, 9 October 1989). Popular songs in the first half of the twentieth century had been touted with the domination of Jewish Americans. More important, their cultural and musical heritage colored their products, giving them a flavor quite different from that of earlier popular songs and bringing yet another ethnic strain to the already diverse style of American song. If a single songwriter were to be chosen to epitomize the era, it would certainly be Irving Berlin. He wrote songs from the very beginning of the period through to the end (and even into the next era); his songs represent all of the various types that characterized these years; and dozens of his songs were among the most popular products of the Tin Pan Alley years. Furthermore, his career and his music point up the strong links between the first and second generations of Tin Pan Alley, and the emergence of a somewhat different song style in the 1920s and ’30s (Hamm, 1979, p. 329). To gain a better perspective on this issue, one must understand the Tin Pan Alley aesthetic. New songs were judged by audience acceptance or rejection, not by abstract analysis of their musical and lyrical components. As Wilder put it, for Berlin and his peers â€Å"a good song and a hit song [were] synonymous (p. 92). † To ensure that their songs would be immediately accessible to their audiences, composers drew on already familiar musical styles, including the most popular songs of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, widely disseminated pieces of the classical repertory, and social dances of the present and immediate past. Berlin himself wrote in the Green Book Magazine for April 1916, â€Å"There’s no such thing as a new melody. Our work is to connect the old phrases in a new way, so that they will sound like a new tune. † During World War I, Berlin served first as a private, then as a sergeant at Camp Upton, a temporary station for troops embarking for Europe. Convinced of the need for entertainment for these troops–and encouraged by the commanding general of the camp, who needed $35,000 for a new service center–Berlin prepared an all-soldier show, Yip, Yip, Yaphank, for which he wrote book, lyrics, and music. This musical, which opened at the Century Theatre in New York City on July 26, 1918, presented various aspects of a rookie’s life at camp in song, comedy, sentiment, dance, and production numbers. Berlin’s best songs were â€Å"Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning† and â€Å"Mandy. † Yip, Yip, Yaphank eventually netted over $150,000 for the Camp Upton Service Center. However, it is indubitable that â€Å"Annie Get Your Gun† (1946) Berlin’s most successful musical. Based very freely on the life of Annie Oakley, the show was originally to have had music by Kern; he died while working on it, and Berlin replaced him. At the first performance, Ethel Merman sang the title role and Ray Middleton played Frank. Annie has entered the repertory of opera companies in the USA, and the Vienna Volksoper. Upon his return to civilian life, Berlin began to expand his activities beyond songwriting. He formed his own publishing house, Irving Berlin, Inc. –an occasion that inspired an â€Å"Irving Berlin Week,† celebrated throughout the country with performances of his songs in theatres and night clubs. He also embarked on a career as a vaudeville headliner, appearing in performances of his song hits in leading theatres. In 1927, Berlin wrote a ballad, â€Å"The Song Is Ended,† almost as if he had a prophetic glimpse of what awaited him: the uncreative years between 1929 and 1932. During this time he wrote little and seemed incapable of producing anything that either satisfied him or could win public approval. This period of sterility was made even more difficult by the depletion of his fortune during the economic crisis. The hit of his last success, Call Me Madam (1950), was â€Å"You’re Just in Love†. Berlin also created the music for many films. Berlin’s music was always catchy as it kept abreast of the latest in musical fashions and constantly composed memorable, musically inventive songs in the idiom of the moment (Bordman, 2001). Berlin’s rise from poverty to fame is quite inspiring. Starting with nothing on the Lower East Side, sleeping in flophouses on the Bowery, he earned a vast fortune by the time he was thirty and married Ellin McKay, the daughter of one of the richest men in America. Although he never lost his East Side accent, he assumed the privileges of wealth as one to the manner born; his daughter describes a life of quiet, tasteful luxury marred only by her father’s long bouts of depression, during which he would become even more invisible than usual, shutting himself off even from his family (Schiff, 1996). Through his great life we learn that music has great role in our lives and it is difficult to fathom why. Flutes have been found in France dating â€Å"as far back as 30,000 years† (Jensen, 2001, p. 15). This and other evidence implies that music has been used throughout human history. Music has been used by every culture to inspire, tell stories, pass on history, glorify achievements, amuse, relax, and educate. Music is used to express love, anger, despair, and hope. Some admit that music is indeed a universal language. In the United States, we have become culturally diverse in our musical tastes and embrace every genre and style from folk to classical, jazz, blues, rock and roll to rap. Berlin was a prominent figure in a time where jazz tunes reigned supreme. Thus, to share the wondrous life of a musician like Irving Berlin, people could celebrate the unique music of cultures and ethnic groups and we could show younger generations that diversity is something to be respected and treasured Works Cited Bordman, G. â€Å"Berlin, Irving†, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell (London: Macmillan, 2001). Ewen, David H. , and David H. Ewen, eds. Popular American Composers from Revolutionary Times to the Present: A Biographical and Critical Guide. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1962. Hamm, Charles. Irving Berlin: Songs from the Melting Pot: The Formative Years, 1907-1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Hamm, Charles. Yesterdays: Popular Song in America. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979. Jensen, E. Arts with the Brain in Mind. (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2001) People Weekly. Irving Berlin: Music and Myth, 32. 15 (9 October 1989):3. Schiff, David. â€Å"For Everyman, by Everyman: In Creating Himself According to the Nation’s Enthusiasm for His Songs, Irving Berlin Helped Create a National Identity. † The Atlantic Monthly Mar. 1996: 108+. Wilder, Alex. American Popular Song: The Great Innovators, 1900-1950 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972).